Paradigm in Nursing Essay Example for Free

Paradigm in Nursing Essay Nursing as any science is a tentative, testable and falsifiable discipline. It undergoes: empirical observation, hypothesis development, experiment, results/finding and finally conclusion. Basing on the finding, one can accept or reject the hypothesis. Theory has been seen as the model of the ethics of conducting a set up and while forth is in position to predict future occurrences or observations of the same kind and capable of being tested through experiment or otherwise verified through observation. Each theory has set principles on how to verify it known as paradigm. Discussion Paradigms are a set of postulations; practices shared by a particular body, say a community of researchers and stems from a single theme. The paradigm seeks to regulate inquiry into the discipline that is concerned. It can therefore be viewed as the norm which the scientists or researchers can use as platform which they can agree of disagree depending on their findings. The various paradigms have one thing in common. They are characterized by ontological, epistemological and methodological differences in their approaches to conducting research (Demarest, et al 1993). This in return contributes to paradigm shift. Paradigm is seen to supersede mere interpretation of the tabulated finding or basic understanding in general. Superstition of paradigm consequently gives varied contribution in the area of disciplinary knowledge construction. Depending on the researchers sentiments/he may consider these differences so vast that one paradigm is inequivalent to another. Alternatively, these differences may be ignored or combined so as to conduct the research needed. To accomplish the task of developing nursing knowledge for use in practice, there is a need for a critical, integrated understanding of the paradigms used for nursing inquiry. This is arising due to the fact that each paradigm has a shift (Demarest, et al 1993). For instance, Child development defects will be viewed from various aspects and hence differing paradigm. A biologist my evaluate child development in perspective that children will naturally gain knowledge as they physically grow and become older, provided that they are healthy. Others may view that the child gains knowledge depending on its surrounding or what it interact with; while others view that a child is due for school after it starts interacting with environment and people as well. A nurse scholar can thus decide to combine the three theories or ignore all to achieve what s/he is researching on. Conclusion In conclusion the nurse researcher should weigh the pros and cons of a particular paradigm in his/her approach to assess of existing knowledge and thereby fill the informational gaps. This is because dominance of a particular paradigm is influenced by a number of factors. These may include: the source of finance for the research, government influence, biases from the journal and editors of the print, conferences and symposiums held, coverage by the media, educators who are responsible of spreading the paradigm to their students as well as the professional bodies which may favor a particular paradigm. However, paradigm should be natural and operational in all times.

Application for Finance Position Essay -- Entry Level Finance Cover Le

Tell us about your F&C experiences: At Citigroup, I had to develop a new model to forecast revenues from partnerships, using return on investment ratio as proxy for profitability of the partnership and at Nestlà ©, when setting price and communication strategies, I had to be fully aware and have an understanding about management accounting and the implications of the strategies for the income statement. I feel very comfortable with numbers and I enjoy the challenges associated with financial analysis, which are two of the reasons I am specializing in Corporate Finance. I am convinced that I have achieved the level of financial knowledge required for this position and, as my transcripts will show, my grades - not only, but especially in finance-related courses - are on the top of the class. During my master’s degree, I have: - Conducted several financial analysis using value creation models, NPV and profitability ratios such as ROI, ROE, ROCE and income statement ratios, which also included risk profiling through beta measurements, operational risk and financial risk; - Build financial business models, including accounting statements (Balance Sheet, Statement of Cash Flows and Income Statement) and forecasts; - Valuated companies using DCF, transaction multiples and peer groups methods. Additionally, I have an excellent command of the Microsoft Excel program, including notions of VBA, which you might find valuable for this position. Please indicate your salary expectations (Total package yearly) My research shows me that an adequate salary for this position in Switzerland would be somewhere between CHF70,000 and CHF90,000. However, there are many things to consider: my salary would depend on the responsibilities and d... ...mance, and broadened my understanding of the food-industry sector. Commitment: I have a true desire to improve myself and to transform my ambition, determination and commitment into high performance standards and excellence to every assignment. I have worked for Nestlà © before and I am convinced that it is the perfect employer for me. What is your role will you have to get in 5 years? Most importantly, I want to contribute as much as I can to Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s operations around the world. I want to learn the necessary skills to assume more management responsibilities and new challenges, and to increase the impact I can deliver to Nestlà ©Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s customers and projects. I am not looking for a specific future position, but I believe that this position will develop me personally, professionally and technically, allowing me to engage in strategy development and implementation.

Equality and diversity in the health sector Essay

Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. How to complete and send your Assessment Save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or USB drive. Work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment has 6 pages and is made up of 3 Sections. Name: Section 1: Know how legislation and guidelines support equality and diversity 1. Use the table below to: a. Describe the rights of a range of individuals who have one or more of the 9 protected characteristics in the organisation/service you work for (or one that you are familiar with). b. State how the law protects the rights of these individuals. Name the legislation. c. Identify guidelines within your organisation to support equality, diversity, dignity and respect. Individual (colleague/manager or service user) and protected characteristic What are their rights? Legislation that protects their rights How does this legislation protect their rights? Which guidelines support equality, dignity diversity or respect in relation to this person? Example 1 Female disabled colleague Protects them from harassment, entitles to equal pay, treated like everyone  else Example 2 Service User, Client, Elderly person Not to be discriminated against. To be shown respect and dignity. For information about them to be confidential. Freedom from harassment (quiet enjoyment). Privacy within own room The Human Rights Act, 1998 Protects against discrimination, and harassment, Equal Opportunities Policy, Sex discrimination Policy, Safeguarding Policy, Human Rights Act, Health & Social Care Act 2008 Example 3 Black employee worker Equality, treated as an individual, and same as everyone else, not to be prejudiced in any way, The Equality Act 2010 Protects against discrimination, and harassment, Equal Opportunities Policy, Sex discrimination Policy, Safeguarding Policy, Human Rights Act, Race Relations Act 1976 Example 4 Transsexual Manager Equality, treated as an individual, and same as everyone else, not to be prejudiced in any way, The Equality Act 2010 Protects against discrimination, and harassment, Equal Opportunities Policy, Sex discrimination Policy, Safeguarding Policy, Human Rights Act, Sex Discrimination Act 1975 Section 2: Know how to work in ways that support equality and diversity 1. List a range of factors that might be a cause for discrimination in the health sector. Include at least 4 examples in your answer. Direct Discrimination occurs when someone is treated less favourably than another person because of a protected characteristic. Relevant protected characteristics include age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage & civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity. For example, a manager does not select a pregnant woman for promotion even through they meet all of the competencies because they are pregnant. This is probably direct discrimination and cannot be justified. Indirect discrimination occurs when a seemingly neutral provision, criterion or practice that applies to everyone places a group who share a characteristic e.g. type of disability at a particular disadvantage. Indirect discrimination may be justified if it can be shown that the provision, criterion or practice is a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim. An example of this is when an employer decides to apply a â€Å"no hats or headgear† rule to staff. If this rule is applied in exactly the same way to every member of staff, then staff who may cover their heads as part of their religion or cultural background (such as Sikhs, Jews, Muslims and Rastafarians) will not be able to meet this requirement of the dress code and may face disciplinary action as a result. Unless the employer can objectively justify using the rule, this will be indirect discrimination. Relevant protected characteristic include age, marriage and civil partnership, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation. In addition, the Act extends protection against unjustified indirect discrimination to gender reassignment and disability. Victimisation occurs  when an employer is treated unfavourably, disadvantaged or subjected to a detriment because they have made or supported a complaint of discrimination or raised a grievance under the Equality Act, thi s policy or the Harassment, Bullying and Discrimination policy or because they are suspected of doing so. (However, an employee is not protected from victimisation if they have maliciously made or supported an untrue complaint). An example, of this is when an employee requests to work flexibly and their manager refuses their request because they supported a colleague in a complaint of discrimination. Detriment arising from a disability arises when you treat a disabled person unfavourably because of something connected with their disability. This type of discrimination is unlawful where the employer or other person acting for the employer knows, or could reasonably expected to know, that the person had a disability. This type of discrimination is only lawful if the action can be justified and the employer can show that is a proportionate means of achieving a legitimate aim. An example of this when an employer imposes a â€Å"no beards† rule as a part of a dress code and tells staff they will be disciplined if they do not comply. The employee is a disabled person who has a skin condition which makes shaving very painful. They have been treated unfavourably (threat of disciplinary action) because of some thing arising from their disability (their inability to shave). Unless the employer can objectively justify the requirement, this may be a detriment arising from a disability. It may also be a failure to make a reasonable adjustment. 2. Describe how people’s values and beliefs may differ. Think about the range of people you come into contact with to help you answer this question. Description of person Description of their values and beliefs How might they differ from your own beliefs or from other people’s? Service user fF Food and drink -how they like to be addressed and spoken to -personal care – living or deceased -privacy and dignity -the information they are given the support they would like their faith or belief. Everyone has different values, beliefs and preferences. What I believe in, what I see as important and what I see as acceptable or desirable is an essential part of who I am. The way in which I respond to people is linked to what I believe in, what I consider important and what interests me. I may find I react positively to people who share my values and less warmly to people who have different priorities. When I develop friendships, it is natural to spend time with people who share my interests and values. As a professional, I am required to provide the same quality of support for all, not just for those who share my views and beliefs. 3. Read these scenarios. Can you identify ways in which the people in them can be treated fairly in accordance with their needs? Scenario 1 Carl is a care assistant at a residential care home. Another care assistant, Helen, has worked there for a long time and is often not particularly fair to residents whose catering needs are different from others. So to vegetarians, she might say â€Å"Don’t you miss bacon?† and to Jewish residents she might say â€Å"the chef will have to prepare yours differently won’t she? That’s gonna take extra time for her.† She has also commented on Muslim residents’ needs to fast at certain times of the year and to pray at certain times of the day. Carl is uncomfortable when she does this and feels it may jeopardise his working relationship with her. Helen knows that Carl feels uncomfortable and is aware that she may come across as a bit of a ‘dinosaur’ in her attitude. She intends to go to her manager to resolve the issue. Person How can they be treated fairly? How is this treatment in accordance with their needs? Residents Should be treated with dignity and respect, and spoke to in a polite manner, and not be discriminated against This is in accordance with Equality Act 2010 Scenario 2 Dean has mild Downs Syndrome and enjoys an active and busy life with friends and family. He has applied for a job as a hospital porter. The interview goes well but Dean does not get the job. Dean’s friend Rajesh works at the hospital and tells Dean’s parents that he didn’t get the job because the manager has preconceptions about the capabilities of people with Downs Syndrome. Rajesh gets into trouble from his manager for speaking his mind and revealing confidential information. Person How can they be treated fairly? How is this treatment in accordance with their needs? Dean Should be given a chance and opportunity to get the job, as his interview went well This is in accordance with the Equality Act 2010 Section 3: Know how to respond to behaviour that is discriminatory 1. Take a look at the examples in the table below (or use your own). Complete the table by outlining the discriminatory behaviour and explaining how it undermines equality and diversity. Example of situation in the workplace Which behaviour is discriminatory? How does it undermine equality and diversity? A nurse who is not openly gay is ousted by his friend and colleague. Patients overhear and refuse treatment. Colleagues taunt him over the issue. Patients not allowing the nurse to give them treatment, colleagues taunting him, belittling and patronising comments By treating someone badly or victimising them, and being less fair about their equality rights. A healthcare assistant suspects one of the residents in the care home has dementia but instead of approaching the resident’s family or her manager about the issue, she simply tells her  colleagues what she thinks. Everyone starts treating the resident differently. As a result, the resident is confused and becomes withdrawn. Giving her own personal opinion and beliefs, and not being confidential about the residents’ illness, by not talking to the appropriate people involved with the care of the resident. This is inappropriate behaviour, as it is not treating the client with dignity and respect. A pregnant administration assistant in a clinic approaches her line manager about her fears for her job after she goes on maternity leave. Her line manager suggests she shouldn’t have got pregnant in the first place and says â€Å"We will need to replace you in some way. I can’t guarantee you’ll have a job to come back to.† This would be direct discrimination because of pregnancy and cannot be justified. It does not give fair treatment to the pregnant assistant and equal opportunity 2. Choose one of the situations from the table above. How would you report this discriminatory behaviour, and what impact would your actions have? Situation Which method or procedure would you use to report this behaviour? What impact would your actions have? A nurse who is not openly gay is ousted by his friend and colleague. Patients overhear and refuse treatment. Colleagues taunt him over the issue I would notify my line manager of any concerns with regard to the conduct of other employees, service users, the public or third parties. The impact this would have is that my manager will deal with the bad treatment and take steps to put an end to it. Once you have completed all 3 sections of this Assessment, go to. Log in to the platform and send your Assessment to your tutor via your My Study page for marking. Good luck!

The Theory Of Fromm s Influence On Social And Cultural...

According to the theory of Fromm, we can concur that Brooke has formed multiple personality orientations from when she has partaken in negative activities, to now. To start off, once Brooke began to reinvent herself, she began to find her biophilius drives. Fromm defined biophilius drives as a need to fulfill altruistic needs. Brooke began to stop thinking of herself, and started becoming selfless upon others in order to fulfill her positive transcendence drive; creating a change in character from an accidental and passive individual to an active and purposeful person. Relating back to the idea of personality orientations, Fromm developed five social characteristics that represents the core of a character represented by social and cultural patterns. We have given Brooke a personality test to define her character types. Out of the five traits, she related most with the receptive, marketing, and productive orientation types. 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Political Development Of Modern China - 1447 Words

Nathalie Vanvelthoven – 15210170274 Cai Zuo, Assistant Professor Political Development of Modern China 4th May 2016 TERM PAPER – OUTLINE INTRODUCTION During the past decade, the Chinese media have been subjected to a lot of changes. As the economy has increasingly opened up, foreign and private actors have become more and more important as they are now also able to invest in the Chinese media industry. Even though many scholars are optimistic about the changes within the Chinese media landscape, some scholars still criticize the Chinese working atmosphere in which foreign journalists and reporters have to work. On the one hand, these negative opinions can be explained by a bias that results from the Western concern that China will become too powerful in the near future. On the other hand, intercultural differences and gaps also contribute to the fact that Western media often do not report very positively about China. 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Electrex Stays Competitive by Employing Diverse Employees

Electrex the multinational company should be considered as a very competitive working environment due to the diversity of employees. As mentioned earlier, it is a multinational company; therefore it is easy to identify how much different type of employee the company has to employ. Employees are to be controlled and managed equally as diversity do affects behavior, human relations and performance. Within the workforce, different types of major groups are such as race ethnicity, religion, age, gender and ability. It is common even nature for many leaders of organizations stereotype and prejudge new staff before they form a fully clear and objective recognition of that particular group. In terms of managing cultural diversity,it is commonly†¦show more content†¦In order to hire disability employee, the employers have to make a â€Å"reasonable accommodations† due to the law requirement. Disability victims are such as people who are facing a limitation against physical, mental or emotional ability. Other than that, it also includes people such as having prison records, major obesity, and mental health problem. Therefore the company made a stand that abilities is the element they are focusing instead of disability. †¢ Alcohol Drug abuse and testing The Electrex Company also will provide drug testing consistently in both the sector of private and public. These steps have to be done to help their employees from drug abuse problem. This is one of the main focuses because it has been estimated to course American businesses over $86 billion annually in lost productivity, absenteeism, and health care costs. Sexism, racism and work and family balance Sexism and Sexual Harassment Racism Sexism and racism are the common event that can be happen nearly every day on everyone. With the discrimination based on sex and race limit the opportunities to everyone when the time they are deciding their lifestyle and careers based on their ability and interest. For example, Why women are paid less? Apart from all discrimination and prejudice there are some solid reasons also for the pay

Socio Human Rights Zapatismo and Nationalism

Question: Discuss about the Socio Human Rights for Zapatismo and Nationalism. Answer: Kolchanski's Aboriginal rights and comments of Goodale and Gledhill questions of identity and Zapatista Aboriginal rights are generally termed as the rights of Aboriginal people and they are related to the rights regarding certain areas and occupation. The rights of the Aboriginal people include the rights which were already enjoyed before European invasion. The early First Nation was clearly distinct from present times and the rights which were formed are indigenous in nature. There are different groups of aboriginals and the rights may vary between these groups. The rights focus on religion, language, customs, practice of culture, self-government, self-determination, activities, resources, and land. The rights are permitted to them because of their home territories and occupation related to their habitats. Those rights also have an effect on their current legal and political systems. The social structures of Aboriginal people are different from other population living in the country as well as they do not come under all jurisdiction rules when compared to non-Aboriginal population in a country (Indigenous Foundations, 2016). Zapatista is one of the militant and political groups, which is active in the southern part of Mexico. It follows leftist ideology and it has its participation in Chiapas. A war has been declared against the government and military forces of Mexico support the ideology of socialism and Marxism. The group has been named on the name of Commander Emiliano Zapata. The group mainly consists of the indigenous community of the region and has support from other indigenous and rural communities. These communities are also supported by some international and urban areas and they follow Zapatismo and Neozapatismo (Cultural Survival, 2016). Dambour Schools of Approach and Ishay controversies Michelline Ishay describes the struggle related to human rights in his book. The struggle has described from Mesopotamian Codes to present day scenario of globalization. The book consists of the intellectual and historical developments since ages and describes the conflicts in movements of social importance, armies and ideas. According to Ishay, creative expression, traditions and texts have played an important role in the formation of human rights. It is considered as one of the best frameworks related to human rights: history and current scenarios. She had also mentioned the origin and the outlook of European civilization on human rights of other countries during their colonization period. She also used political statements, speeches, and writings as proof in the book. Many debates rise due to her controversial book and shook the community of thinkers, writers and activists (Ishay, 2008). Ishay included controversies and debates from the old documents related to human rights such as the statement of George W. Bush. Moreover, the discussions in the book demonstrated the uniformity in different societies of the world about humanity. Religions and traditions were discussed by the author. Marie-Bndicte Dembour has described the fundamentals of human rights through different schools. Each school has a varied description. The natural school defines human rights. The protest school considers human rights as aspirations and claims for the oppressed and under-privileged. Moreover, the scholars constantly fight for human rights as they believe that a single win does not stop injustice. Discourse school describes the idea of impact of human rights in political affairs. They do not support other schools but do agree human rights have a powerful effect on the current society (Willen, 2012; Dembour, 2010). Goodale, Surrendering to Utopia and Sikka Cultural relativism, Manheim and Ricoeur Ideology and Utopia, Douzinas Cosmopolitanism Mark Goodale's work on human rights has been termed as one of the most realistic works on human rights and its impact on the present society. Today's world is surrounded by human rights and legal, political, aspirational and rhetorical aspects play an important role in the application of human rights. It can be stated that the book is of great importance for various scholars related to human rights. It may include graduate students, scholars, non-anthropologists and anthropologists. The observations of the writer are valuable, provocative and compelling as it describes the use of ethnographic tools to question the application of human rights (Douzinas, 2008). The book written by Mannheim and Ricoeur described utopia and ideology and relationship between them. Majorly, all the scholarly works represent ideology and ignore utopia. The authors agree that utopia is equally important and should be discussed. The author tries to unmask ideology and display it. Mannheim advocates utopia as one of the prime factors in human race. Moreover, the other author argues that utopia can be considered as a corrective measure for the issues which are demonstrated by ideology. Both are considered as positive functions for the authors. The work of Douzinas focuses on the cosmopolitan culture which considers room for the possible engagement with the inclusion of human rights. It encourages such engagements (Goodale, 2010). Activism and globalization of Human rights in the year 2000, the change till today. Aporias of New technologies, Kurosawa's Activism of Globalization Globalization is termed as the present situation of the world. It also means that the whole world is considered as a single political economy and it functions as a free market. Globalization has been changing the world since long times and the increase in global trading has provided a platform for various people of different cultures to interact. It has also played an essential role in fulfilling dreams of many people. The chain reaction has globalized media as well. Thus, in nutshell, market and globalization have supported many industries to expand their business. The article focuses on the power of global companies in exploiting the resources in a country and breaking rules regarding rights of the native population. For example, lands from farmers are being snatched in developing countries in the namesake of industrialization and globalization. The author describes that colonization has been replaced by globalization of these companies where they try to feast on national wealth, h uman resources, and natural resources. Decisions are made in corporate board rooms in developed countries rather than involvement of local community. Authors such as Kurosawa have presented the ill effects of globalization on the developing countries and have depicted the plight of oppressed and afflicted people due to powerful reign of these companies (Deslandes King, 2006). But, new technologies and social media have changed the way of practicing human rights in an unconventional manner. It helps incidents and events to go viral and have maximum coverage (Ishay, 2008). Douzinas says that the short circuit between human rights as ideology and Human rights as critique is complete. The end of human rights coincides with their rise The author Douzinas have explained about the impact of human rights in today's world. International politics have been greatly influenced by human rights. Global order has been defended and organized by humanitarianism. In the book, the author reappropriates human rights and distinguishes it from the group who wants to enforce human rights. The entire description is categorized into two parts where the first part involves ontological claims. Douzinas tries to describe human rights as a building tool for subjectivity. He provides the statement that it is the human rights that support the existence of human race and humanity does not deliver anything in accordance with human rights (Langlois, 2013). Author compares the relationship of human rights with neoliberal capitalism where he finds that the theme of human rights is getting deviated from battling social injustice to being a tool for globalization. He states that radical equality is more important than individualism in human rights. Moreover, he asserts to the point of amalgamation of morality and power for structuring human rights. He describes the role of emerging empire in the oppression of human rights for their benefits. He supports utopian cosmopolitanism but has not succeeded to support the concept in a proper manner. The idea of fighting injustice through radical equality is difficult and less practical (Sargent, 2008). References Cultural Survival. (2016). Indigenous Identity at the Margin: Zapatismo and Nationalism. Retrieved august 19, 2016, from Culturalsurvival.org: https://www.culturalsurvival.org/ourpublications/csq/article/indigenous-identity-margin-zapatismo-and-nationalism Dembour, M.-B. (2010). What Are Human Rights? Four Schools of Thought. Human Rights Quarterly, 32(1), 1-20. Deslandes, A., King, D. (2006). Autonomous activism and the global justice movement. Journal of Sociology, 42(3), 310327. Douzinas, C. (2008). Human Rights and Empire: The Political Philosophy of Cosmopolitanism. Abingdon: Routledge-Cavendish. Goodale, M. (2010). Surrendering to Utopia: An Anthropology of Human Rights. Stanford University Press. Indigenous Foundations. (2016). Aboriginal Rights. Retrieved august 19, 2016, from Indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca: https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/home/land-rights/aboriginal-rights.html Ishay, M. R. (2008). The History of Human Rights: From Ancient Times to the Globalization Era (2nd ed.). University of California Press. Langlois, A. J. (2013, July 29). Seven Counter-theses on Human Rights. Retrieved august 19, 2016, from Criticallegalthinking.com: https://criticallegalthinking.com/2013/07/29/seven-counter-theses-on-human-rights/ Sargent, L. T. (2008). Ideology and utopia: Karl Mannheim and Paul Ricoeur. Journal of Political Ideologies, 13(3), 263-273. Willen, S. S. (2012). Anthropology and Human Rights: Theoretical Reconsiderations and Phenomenological Explorations. Journal of Human Rights, 11(1), 150-159.